Flag of Türkiye

What the flag means

• 🔴Red field — the Ottoman heritage
• 🌙Crescent and star — Islam and the nation

Design set by: ⁨Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası, madde 3 · Türk Bayrağı Kanunu, Kanun No. 2893 (22.09.1983, RG 24.09.1983 sayı 18171)⁩ · Adopted 1983

Highlights

• 🕌 Istanbul, where East meets West
• 🎈 Cappadocia's hot-air balloons
• ☕ Turkish coffee and sweets
• 🏛️ A crossroads of ancient worlds
• 🛁 Traditional hammam culture

Quick facts

Region

Asia · Western Asia

Population

85,878,556 people (2025)

Area

783,562 km²

Capital

Ankara

Languages

Turkish, Kurdish

Currency

Turkish lira (TRY)

Organizations

United Nations, NATO, OECD

Neighboring countries

• Armenia
• Azerbaijan
• Bulgaria
• Georgia
• Greece
• Iran
• Iraq
• Syria

Land neighbors, approximated from simplified map outlines.

Symbols in History (2)

Coats of arms and emblems whose historic seat lies within this country’s present-day territory.

• 

  Arms of the Ottoman Empire, later nineteenth-century version

  Ottoman Empire (Asia Minor, the Balkans and the Middle East) · 1299–1922 · imperial arms

  OriginCombining a tughra, weapons, orders and flags, the arms of the Ottoman Empire are a state emblem of the later nineteenth century.

  DescriptionAt the centre of spreading gold rays sit a green disc and a crescent, and over them are the tughra, the sultan's signature form, and gold Arabic writing. Below, a green flag and a red flag bearing a white crescent and star cross each other, and spears, halberds, cannon, guns, swords and scales, stacked books, a bunch of flowers and an anchor crowd densely around; beneath a red oval ornament topped with a white turban, several orders hang from gold vine patterns.

  Source: ARMA · Selçuk Mülayim, TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, c. 3 (İstanbul 1991), s. 382-383 — TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi (İSAM) · Image source: Wikimedia Commons — Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire (1882–1922).svg

• 

  The Double-Headed Eagle Emblem of the Palaiologos Dynasty

  Eastern Roman Empire (Constantinople) · 1261–1453 · dynastic and imperial emblem

  OriginThe crowned red double-headed eagle with the round monogram on its breast is a late Byzantine emblem of the Palaiologos period. It was not one fixed official coat of arms in the way a modern state has one, and there are several theories about how the monogram on the breast should be read.

  DescriptionA deep red double-headed eagle is drawn with both wings spread, each of the two heads wearing a crown, and above and between them sits one more large crown topped by a cross. On its breast, inside a round border, is a monogram woven from interlaced lines, and both feet are empty claws holding nothing. An emblem with a gold cross and four B-shaped firesteels on a red field was also used in the same period, but that is a different design from the one in this image.

  Source: College of Arms - Coats of arms and their twelfth-century origins · Image source: Wikimedia Commons — Palaiologos-coat-of-arms.svg · Licence: CC BY 3.0 · Philly boy92