Flag of Egypt

What the flag means

• 🔴Red — the struggle before the revolution
• ⚪White — the peaceful revolution
• ⚫Black — the end of oppression
• 🦅Eagle of Saladin — Arab strength and pride

Design set by: ⁨دستور جمهورية مصر العربية (2014)، المادة 223 · قانون رقم 144 لسنة 1984⁩ · Adopted 1984

Highlights

• 🔺 The Pyramids of Giza and Sphinx
• 🏺 5,000 years of pharaohs
• 🛶 The long history of the Nile
• 🏛️ Luxor and ancient temples
• 🐫 Desert and Red Sea scenery

Quick facts

Region

Africa · Northern Africa

Population

118,365,995 people (2025)

Area

1,002,450 km²

Capital

Cairo

Languages

Arabic, English

Currency

Egyptian pound (EGP)

Organizations

United Nations, African Union

Neighboring countries

• Israel
• Libya
• Palestine
• Sudan

Land neighbors, approximated from simplified map outlines.

Symbols in History (1)

Coats of arms and emblems whose historic seat lies within this country’s present-day territory.

• 

  Arms of the Mamluk Sultan

  Egypt and Syria (Mamluk Sultanate) · Royal coat of arms

  OriginThe Mamluks were slave-soldiers bought and trained by the Ayyubid rulers of Egypt; in 1250 their commanders seized power in Cairo and built a sultanate that governed Egypt, Syria and the Hejaz for some 270 years. This shield is the form a European armorial of about 1413 gave to “the Sultan of Egypt”, drawn according to Western heraldic convention. The emblems used at the Mamluk court itself were of another kind: round badges called rank, filled with signs of office such as a cup, a napkin or crossed polo sticks.

  DescriptionThe shield tapers to a point at the bottom and is filled edge to edge with deep gold, outlined by a single darker gold line. At its centre sits one white crescent with its horns turned upward, and nothing else — no letters, no beasts, no other charges. Because these arms were devised for the sultan rather than borne by him, the choice records how Europe pictured Egypt rather than anything the Mamluks themselves adopted: gold, reckoned the most precious of the heraldic tinctures, and the crescent, the charge Western heralds habitually assigned to Muslim rulers. With only two colours and a single shape, the design stays legible from a distance.

  Image source: Wikimedia Commons — Coat of arms of the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt.svg